Clinical prospective study of Gallium 68 (68Ga)-labeled fibroblast-activation protein inhibitor PET/CT in the diagnosis of biliary tract carcinoma.

PURPOSE: This study is to investigate the [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI PET/CT diagnosis performance in biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) and analyze the association between [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI PET/CT and clinical indexes. METHODS: A prospective study (NCT05264688) was performed between January 2022 and July 2022. Fifty participants were scanned using [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI and [18F]FDG PET/CT and acquired pathological tissue. We employed the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare the uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI and [18F]FDG, and the McNemar test was used to compare the diagnostic efficacy between the two tracers. Spearman or Pearson correlation was used to assess the association between [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI PET/CT and clinical indexes. RESULTS: In total, 47 participants (mean age 59.09 ± 10.98 [range 33-80 years]) were evaluated. The [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI detection rate was greater than [18F]FDG in primary tumors (97.62% vs. 85.71%), nodal metastases (90.05% vs. 87.06%), and distant metastases (100% vs. 83.67%). The uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI was higher than [18F]FDG in primary lesions (intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, 18.95 ± 7.47 vs. 11.86 ± 0.70, p = 0.001; extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, 14.57 ± 6.16 vs. 8.80 ± 4.74, p = 0.004), abdomen and pelvic cavity nodal metastases (6.91 ± 6.56 vs. 3.94 ± 2.83, p < 0.001), and distant metastases (pleural, peritoneum, omentum, and mesentery, 6.37 ± 4.21 vs. 4.50 ± 1.96, p = 0.01; bone, 12.15 ± 6.43 vs. 7.51 ± 4.54, p = 0.008). There was a significant correlation between [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI uptake and fibroblast-activation protein (FAP) expression (Spearman r = 0.432, p = 0.009), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (Pearson r = 0.364, p = 0.012), and platelet (PLT) (Pearson r = 0.35, p = 0.016). Meanwhile, a significant relationship between [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI metabolic tumor volume and carbohydrate antigen199 (CA199) (Pearson r = 0.436, p = 0.002) was confirmed. CONCLUSION: [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI had a higher uptake and sensitivity than [18F]FDG in the diagnosis of BTC primary and metastatic lesions. The correlation between [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI PET/CT indexes and FAP expression, CEA, PLT, and CA199 were confirmed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov: NCT 05,264,688.

The association between Alzheimer's disease and constitution classification of traditional medicine / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship between constitutional types of Chinese medicine and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to construct an early warning model for AD risk.Methods:In the established multimodal interventions to delay dementia and disability in rural China (MIND-China) study, 4 033 elderly subjects aged ≥60 years old were included. The data including demographic, underlying disease and neuropsychological data were collected.The Chinese medicine service record form for the elderly was used to assess constitutional types of Chinese medicine and to apply the NIA-AA diagnostic criteria published by the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association in 2011 for the diagnosis of clinically likely AD. Logistic regression analysis and AD risk prediction models were constructed using R statistical software, and the final prediction results were presented using columnar plots.Results:The MIND-China cohort was dominated by the abnormal constitution (69.28%), of which Phlegm-wetness type was the most common (58.05%), followed by Yang-deficiency type (23.85%). The most constitutional type of Chinese medicine among AD patients was Phlegm-wetness type (54.35%), followed by Qi-depression type (38.04%). Multi-factorial logistic regression analysis suggested that increasing age ( β=0.101, P<0.001, OR=1.107, 95% CI=1.069-1.146) and Qi-depression type ( β=0.622, P=0.016, OR=1.862, 95% CI=1.116-3.076) were able to increase the risk of developing AD, while education ( β=-1.047, P<0.001, OR=0.351, 95% CI=0.205-0.584) was able to reduce the risk of developing AD. By using the risk score model to calculate the total risk score for each subject and plotting the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the area under the ROC was 0.769 and the calibration curve showed excellent consistency between prediction and reality. Conclusion:Older adults with Qi-depression type are significantly associated with an increased likelihood of AD.

Key operating points of laparoscopic hepatectomy for liver tumor in difficult locations / 临床肝胆病杂志

Laparoscopic hepatectomy has the advantages of little trauma, mild stress response, and rapid postoperative recovery. Due to the deep location and complex structure, tumors located in the upper right posterior areas of the liver (Ⅶ, Ⅷ, and Ⅳa segments) and the caudate lobe have limited surgical field and difficult exposure under laparoscopy, which brings great risk to surgical operation, and these locations are considered difficult locations in laparoscopic liver surgery. In recent years, with the improvement in the technology and concept of laparoscopic liver surgery, the upgrading of surgical instruments and equipment and the application of three-dimensional visualization technology have made it possible to remove liver tumors in difficult locations under laparoscopy. With reference to the authors’ own experience, this article summarizes the key technical points of laparoscopic liver surgery in difficult locations, including adequate preoperative assessment, reasonable surgical planning, full exposure of surgical field through body position and trocar distribution, and prediction and prevention of the risk of bleeding. Various new techniques can be used to precisely locate the tumor and guide the partition of liver parenchyma, and with the help of a well-trained surgical anesthesia team, it is possible to ensure the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic hepatectomy in difficult locations.

Application of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging in laparoscopic liver surgery / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To study the clinical use of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging in laparoscopic liver surgery.Methods The clinical and pathological data of 68 patients who underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy using the ICG fluorescence imaging technique during the study period from September 2016 to October 2018 in Zhongnan Hospital,Wuhan University were retrospectively analyzed.Analysis was carried out on the surgical methods,fluorescence navigation methods,ICG injection time and dose,tumor characteristics,and pathological studies of the resected specimens.Results Of 68 patients,3 patients were converted to open surgery,and the remaining 65 patients completed the ICG fluorescence laparoscopic hepatectomy.Thirty-two of these 65 patients underwent ICG fluorescent guided laparoscopic anatomical resection of lower hepatic segment / hepatic hemilivers (positive staining in 17 patients,negative staining in 15 patients),with 19 patients successfully staining with ICG(19 / 32,59.4％).Postoperative histopathology showed primary hepatic solid tumors (n=31),secondary liver tumors (n=12),hepatic cysts (n=4),hepatic hemangiomas (n =5),hepatolithiasis (n =12) and hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia (n =1).These lesions were combined with hepatitis B liver fibrosis in 29 patients.Conclusions ICG fluorescence imaging positively impacted on laparoscopic liver surgery.Proper preoperative ICG injection was helpful for the identification,localization and intraoperative surgical guidance of tumors,especially for patients with deep-seated and central tumors.As a consequence,oncological and surgical safety of laparoscopic liver surgery was improved.Targeted visualization of liver segments and surgical navigation using intraoperative ICG injections facilitated accurate and precise resection of anatomical liver segments or hemi-hepatectomies.The use of intraoperative ICG fluorescence technology for hepatic hemangioma,hepatic cyst,intrahepatic bile duct stones and other benign liver lesions,helped to improve safety of surgery.

Fish oil fat emulsion nutritional support in the treatment of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension in patients with pericardial devascularization with splenectomy: A randomized clinical trial / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To explore the effect of fish oil fat emulsion as perioperative nutritional support on patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension.Methods Randomized controlled clinical trial was performed between September 2011 and September 2017 in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension who underwent pericardial devascularization and splenectomy.Hypocaloric total parenteral nutritional support (TPN) started from the first day after the operation for 5 consecutive days.Patients were divided into experimental group and control group according to thetype of fat emulsion used.43 patients in experimental group were applied for fish oil fat emulsion injection (10％ Omegaven) + medium long chain structure fat emulsion (20％STG) and 42 patients in control group were applied for medium long chain structure fat emulsion (20％STG).Liver function (total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase),nutrition index (serum albumin and prealbumin),inflammatory mediators (TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10) were measured before and after the operation,and the clinical outcomes were observed.Results There was no statistically significant difference in liver function and nutritional indices between the experimental group and the control group (P＞0.05).The inflammatory mediators like TNF-u,IL-6 and IL-10 on the first day after surgery were significantly higher than those before surgery in both groups [experiment group:(225.54±54.78) vs.(61.49±16.47),(74.94±6.36) vs.(39.84±2.77),(77.53±11.4) vs.(46.05±6.13) ng/L;control group:(229.26±62.15) vs.(63.48±13.76),(77.23±7.83)vs.(40.64±3.34),(73.89±7.97)vs.(44.88±5.72) ng/L;P＜ 0.01].With the progress of time,the proinflammatory factors like TNF-α and IL-6 decreased after the operation and the range of decrease was higher in experiment group than in control group [d4-d 1:(-56.88± 31.63) vs.(-35.96±20.02),(-13.52±5.20) vs.(-6.38±2.84) ng/L;d7-d1:(-150.67±42.58) vs.(-132.79±53.35),(-27.04±8.97) vs.(-20.85±6.38) ng/L;P＜ 0.05].The range of increase in anti-inflammatory media IL-10 was higher in experiment group than in the control group (d4-d1:(14.22±13.08) vs.(5.64±3.58) ng/L;d7-d1:(17.78±5.58) vs.(-37.96±11.43) ng/L;P＜0.05).The incidence of grade Ⅲ complications and total complications (4.7％ vs.21.4％,23.3％ vs.45.2％) and hospitalization time [(10.12 ±1.48) vs.(12.33±2.04) d] in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusions In patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension,perioperative nutritional support of fish oil fat emulsion can reduce systemic inflammatory response and operative complications and promote rapid recovery through its two-way regulation of inflammatory mediators.

Research Progress in Animal Model Replication of Chronic Gastritis / 中国药师

Chronic gastritis (CG) is a common disease of digestive system. It is of the utmost importance to reply the animal mod-el of CG in the researches on pathogenesis,treatment mechanism and drugs development. It's necessary to review the general situation about the replication of CG animal model since there is no spontaneous animal model of CG. The research literatures related to the rep-lication of CG animal model in recent years were reviewed,all kinds of methods on the animal model replication were reorganized sys-temically,and a new classification was established. Furthermore,the model mechanism,precautions and success rate of each classifi-cation method were evaluated concisely,scientifically and objectively in order to exploit the research ideas of researchers and provide reference for further studies.

Effects of Yupingfeng Powder on Immune Function of Rats with Lung-qi Deficiency Syndrome / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of Yupingfeng powder on immune function of rats with lung-qi deficiency syn-drome. METHODS:60 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,positive group [Renshen beiqi tablet 0.6 g (crude drug)/kg] and Yupingfeng powder high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups [24,12,6 g (crude drug)/kg],with 10 rats in each group. Except for normal group,those groups were given SO2+comprehensive cold stimulation to induce lung-qi defi-ciency syndrome model. After modeling,treatment groups were given relevant drug solutions intragastrically,and normal group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline intragastrically,once a day,for consecutive 13 d. After administra-tion,serum levels of IL-3 and IL-6,the proportion of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+in T lymphocyte were determined,and pathological chang-es of lung and bronchus were observed. RESULTS:Compared with normal group,serum levels of IL-3 and IL-6 and the propor-tion of CD8+ in T lymphocyte increased significantly in model group,while the proportions of CD3+ and CD4+ in T lymphocyte and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ decreased(P<0.01);obvious lung and bronchus injury and inflammatory reaction were observed. Compared with model group,serum level of IL-3 decreased significantly in positive group and Yupingfeng powder high-dose group;serum level of IL-6 and the proportion of CD8 + in T lymphocyte decreased significantly in positive group and Yupingfeng powder high-dose and medium-dose groups,while the proportion of CD3+ in T lymphocyte increased significantly;the proportion of CD4+and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+increased significantly in treatment groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01);lung and bronchial injury,and inflam-mation reaction were relieved. CONCLUSIONS:Yupingfeng powder can enhance immune function of rats with lung-qi deficiency syndrome.

Multiple b value diffusion-weighted MRI based on intravoxel incoherent motion model applied to lymphoma-pilot study / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate treatment effect of nodal lymphoma by using multiple b value diffusion-weighted MRI based on intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) model. Methods From November 2012 to November 2013, 22 patients with pathology confirmed lymphoma in Guangdong General Hospital were chosen. Patients were examined on a 1.5 T MR scanner with plain MRI scan and multiple b value diffusion-weighted MRI scan before and after cycle two of chemotherapy. According to chemotherapy response which evaluated after cycle 2 of chemotherapy, lymphoma nodes were divided into four groups:complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), progressive disease (PD). Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare prechemotherapy D value, f value among CR, PR, SD groups. Nemenyi test was used to compare prechemotherapy D value between the two of CR, PR, SD groups. One-way ANOVA was used to compare D*value among CR, PR, SD groups. Paired-sample t test was used to compare D, f, D*value between before and after chemotherapy in PR group. CR and PR group were ascribed to curative group, and SD group ascribed to poor response group. ROC curve was used to evaluate the predictive efficiency of parameters derived from IVIM. Results Twenty-two lymphoma patients were scanned before chemotherapy and 21 patients were scanned after cycle 2 of chemotherapy. There were 49 lesions in CR group, 17 lesions in PR group, 8 lesions in SD group and no lesions in PD group. Prechemotherapy D value of CR, PR, SD group were (0.63±0.26)×10-3, (0.57±0.10)×10-3,(0.42±0.04)×10-3 mm2/s, respectively. There was significant difference among the three groups (H=12.944,P=0.002). There was no statistically difference of prechemotherapy D value between CR and PR group (χ2=0.072,P=0.965). Prechemotherapy D value was lower in SD group than that in CR group (χ2=12.090,P=0.002) and PR group (χ2=10.684,P=0.005). There was no statistically difference of prechemotherapy f value among CR, PR, SD groups (χ2=2.312,P=0.315) or D*value (F=0.535,P=0.588). D value significantly increased after chemotherapy in PR group [(1.03±0.37)× 10-3 vs.(0.63 ± 0.26)× 10-3 mm2/s, t=-4.781, P=0.001]. f value significantly increased after chemotherapy in PR group [(9.39 ± 4.52)% vs.(6.44 ± 3.25)%, t=2.294, P=0.036]. D* value slightly increased after chemotherapy but with no statistical difference in PR group [(99.72 ± 42.12)× 10-3 vs.(90.37 ± 45.33)× 10-3 mm2/s, t=-0.579, P=0.570]. When a D value of 0.48 × 10-3 mm2/s was used as the threshold value for predicting chemotherapy response, the best results were obtained with sensitivity of 100.00%and specificity of 75.76%.Conclusions Prechemotherapy D value can predict chemotherapy response and D value can monitor chemotherapy response in lymphoma.

A Study on factors of Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements and Strategies to Accelerate Transformation in Medical / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Based on a comprehensive questionnaire survey and analysis of factors which trans formation of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Medical,some strategies to accelerate transformation were proposed by this paper.

Protective effect of combination of cryptotanshinone and donepezil on amyloid-βprotein induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Ycells / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the protective effect of cryptotanshinone (CTS) and donepezil(DON) on amyloid-βprotein (Aβ)-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells .Methods SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in vitro for establishing the Alzheimer disease (AD) model .The cell viability was detected by the MTT assay .The apoptosis rate was measured by Hoechst 33342 and the expres-sion of Bcl-2 and Bax was detected by Western blot .Results CTS ,DON and their combination could obviously alleviate Aβ-caused injury of SH-SY5Y cells ,increase the cell survival rate ,remarkably up-regulate the expression of Bcl-2 protein ,decrease the expres-sion of Bax protein and inhibit the apoptosis .The effect of the CTS and DON combination for inhibiting apoptosis was significantly stronger than that of the single use of CTS and DON ,the difference had statistical significance(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The combi-nation of CTS and DON has the synergistic protective effect on Aβ-caused injury in SH-SY5Y cells ,its mechanisms may be related with the cooperation regulation of the expression of apoptosis related gene Bcl-2 protein family .

Relations between CT perfusion parameters and degree of hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in a rabbit model / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To observe the changes of hepatic CT perfusion parameters and their correlation with serum aspartate transaminase( AST),alanine transaminase(ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in a rabbit hepalic ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) model.Methods Hepatic IRI was produced in rabbits by inducing left liver lobe ischemia (60 min) followed by 6 h,12 h and 24 h reperfusion (6 rabbits were used for each reperfusion interval ).Additional 6 rabbits were served as sham-operatedcontrols.All the rabbits were scanned with a dynamic iCT protocol.Blood samples were taken from the superior mesenteric vein to measure the levels of serum amylase (ALT,AST,and ALP) in various groups,and liver samples were taken for histological examinations after scanning.One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine differences between groups.The correlations of CT perfusion parameters with serum levels were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient.Results Heterogeneity of CT perfusion patterns appeared in the 6 h groups,which presented as low enhanced area [ ( 25.1 ± 9.3 ) ml · 1min-1 · 100mg-1].In reduced perfusion regions of IRI group,HAP of 12 h IRI group [ ( 19.5 ± 13.6) ml · min-1 · 100 mg-1],24 h IRI group [(8.0+2.7) ml · min-1 · 100 mg-1 ],HPP of 6 h IRI group [(10.8±5.5) ml · min-1 · 100 rng-1],12 h IRI group [(14.4±5.2) ml · min-1 · 100 mg-1],24 h IRI group [(7.8±3.3) ml · min-1 · 100 mg-1] and TLP of 6 h IRI group [(35.9 ±14.0) ml ·min-1 · 100 mg-1 ],12 h IRI group [ (33.9 ± 16.1) ml · min-1 · 100 mg-1 ],24 h IRI group [ (16.0 ±5.5) ml · min- 1 · 100 mg-1 ] were lower than those of sham group [ HAP (21.2 + 10.5 ) ml · min-1100mg-1,HPP(63.5±24.0) ml · min-1 · 100 mg-1,TLP (81.4±24.8) ml · min-1 · 100 mg-1](F=8.376,25.950,16.925,P＜0.01).However,HPI of 6 h IRI group [(65.9±3.9)％],12 h IRIgroup [ (54.2 ± 16.7)％ ],and 24 h IRI group [ (48.9 ± 10.0)％ ] were higher compared to sham group [ ( 24.1 ± 7.5 ) ％ ] ( F =43.664,P ＜ 0.01 ).But,the perfusion parameters in the relatively normal area of IRI groups showed decline compared with sham group.The levels of AST,ALT and ALP in IRI groups were significantly higher than those in the sham group ( P ＜0.05).In poorly enhancing tissues,TLP and HPP of IRI groups were inversely correlated with AST and ALP respectively ( P ＜ 0.01 ),and HPI was closely related to the increase of AST ( r =0.751,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion These results demonstrate CT perfusion is sensitive to detect the hemodynamic changes.Perfusion parameters are closely correlated to the degree of liver injury in the rabbit IRI model.

Multiple linear stepwise regression of fiver lipid levels: proton MR spectroscopy study in vivo at 3.0 T / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To analyze the correlations between liver lipid level determined by liver 3.0 T 1H-MRS in vivo and influencing factors using multiple linear stepwise regression. Methods The prospective study of liver 1H-MRS was performed with 3.0 T system and eight-channel torso phased-array coils using PRESS sequence. Forty-four volunteers were enrolled in this study. Liver spectra were collected with a TR of 1500 ms ,TE of 30 ms, volume of interest of 2 cm ×2 cm ×2 cm, NSA of 64 times. The acquired raw proton MRS data were processed by using a software program SAGE. For each MRS measurement, using water as the internal reference, the amplitude of the lipid signal was normalized to the sum of the signal from lipid and water to obtain percentage lipid within the liver. The statistical description of height, weight, age and BMI, Line width and water suppression were recorded, and Pearson analysis was applied to test their relationships. Multiple linear stepwise regression was used to set the statistical model for the prediction of Liver lipid content. Results Age (39.1 ± 12. 6) years, body weight (64.4 ± 10. 4) kg,BMI (23.3 ±3.1) kg/m2, linewidth (18.9 ±4.4) and the water suppression (90.7 ±6.5)% had significant correlation with liver lipid content (0.00 to 0.96%, median 0. 02% ), r were 0.11,0. 44,0. 40,0. 52, - 0. 73 respectively(P < 0. 05 ). But only age, BMI, line width, and the water suppression entered into the multiple linear regression equation. Liver lipid content prediction equation was as follows: Y =1.395-(0.021 × water suppression) + (0.022 × BMI) + (0.014 × line width) - ( 0. 064 × age),and the coefficient of determination was 0.613, corrected coefficient of determination was 0.59. Conclusion The regression model fitted well, since the variables of age, BMI, width, and water suppression can explain about 60% of liver lipid content changes.

3.0 T MR diffusion weighted imaging in the evaluation of radio-frequency ablation of the liver VX2 tumors / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate 3.0 T MR DWI techniques in detecting the lesions of pre and post-radiofrequency ablation of the rabbit liver VX2 tumors. Methods Twenty two New Zealand white rabbits were used in this experiment. Twenty tumor fragments were implanted into the livers of 20 rabbits respectively. Two normal rabbits were used as controls for radiofrequency ablation of the normal liver. 3.0 T MR DWI was performed 14 to 21 days after tumor implantation (mean, 17 days) in the tumor-bearing animals. Radiofrequency ablation was performed in the 18 tumor-bearing animals and in the two healthy animals. 3.0 T MRI and DWI were performed 7 to 10 days after radiofrequency ablation (mean, 8 days).Pathology was obtained immediately after the completion of post-radiofrequency ablation MR imaging. The MRI features and ADC values of pre- and post -radiofrequency ablation lesions in the liyers with VX2 tumors and normal rabbits were analyzed and correlation was made with histopathologic findings. Analysis of variance repeated measures were performed in analyzing the differences among the ADC values of different tissues with the same b value. Results All 20 rabbit liver models of VX2 tumors were constructed successfully. One rabbit died of anesthetic overdose, another one showed necrosis within the implanted tumor. All 18 untreated VX2 tumors had predominantly low or iso-signal intensity on T1 WI and high signal intensity on T2WI. All 18 VX2 tumors and 2 normal rabbits were treated by radiofrequency ablation successfully. Lesions treated by Radiofrequency ablation displayed low signal intensity on T1 WI, and high signal intensity on T2WI. Seven to 10 days after radiofrequency ablation, lesions varied from having low signal intensity to slightly increased signal intensity on T1 WI, with areas of mixed ( high, intermediate, and low) signal intensity. A peripheral rim of high signal intensity with varying thickness on T2WI correlated with granulation tissue, which exhibited intense enhancement on contrast-enhanced images. Areas of low to intermediate signal intensity within the lesion on T2WI corresponded to coagulation necrosis. The tumor tissue appeared as areas of peripheral nedularity, with intermediate to high signal intensity on T2-weighted images and DWI. The tumor specimen was gray, among the tumor tissue, there were hyperplastic vessels,and granulation tissue. When b value was 600 s/mm2 , the ADC value of viable tumor (9 cases), necrosis (18 cases), granulation tissue ( 18 cases), normal liver tissue ( 18 cases) were ( 1. 227 ±0. 140) × 10-3,(0. 702 ± 0. 050)×10-3, ( 1.918 ± 0.124) × 10-3, ( 1. 739 ± 0. 044 ) × 10-3 mm2/s, respectively, which were statistically significant (P ＜0. 01 ). When b =200,400,600,800,1000 s/mm2, the differences of ADC values among viable tumor, granulation tissue, necrosis,normal liver tissue were also statistically significant ( P ＜0. 01 ). Conclusion The rabbit liver VX2 tumor models and 3.0 T MR DWI are important tools in the basic and clinical researches of radiofrequency ablation.

Effect of intravenous Gd-DTPA on 3.0T MR spectroscopy prescan of different organs / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To evaluate the effect of intravenous Gd-DTPA on 3.0T proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) water suppression and shimming. Methods Prospective study of proton MRS was performed with GE Signa Excite HD 3.0T system and eight-channel phased-array coils with PRESS sequence (head, liver and kidney, respectively). Routine auto prescan program was operated to record full width half maximum (FWHM) and water suppression (WS%). Routine scan was performed after injection of Gd-DTPA, then prescan program was reoperated to record FWHM and WS%. The data of FWHM and WS% in head, liver and kidney were compared between before and after injection of Gd-DTPA with the Wilcoxon matched pairs signed test. Results WS% of spectroscopy of head and liver after administration of Gd-DTPA decreased significantly (T_+=12, T_-=66, P=0.02; T_+=0, T_-=45, P=0.007). The effect of shimming of kidney after administration of Gd-DTPA was poor (T_+=0, T_-=435, P<0.001) and WS% of spectroscopy of kidney after administration of Gd-DTPA decreased significantly (T_+=0, T_-=435, P<0.001). Conclusion WS% of spectroscopy in head, liver and kidney can be impacted negatively by Gd-DTPA. Gd-DTPA has great influence on shimming of spectroscopy of kidney, but has little influence on shimming of spectroscopy of head and liver. It is better to acquire MRS data before administration of contrast medium in kidney.

Effect of body mass and BMI on proton hepatic MRS water suppression at 3.0T MR / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To explore the effect of body mass and body mass index (BMI) on proton hepatic MRS water suppression at 3.0T. Methods The prospective study of hepatic proton MRS was performed with GE Signa Excite HD 3.0T system and eight-channel torso phased-array coils using PRESS sequence in 44 healthy subjects. Liver spectra were collected with TR of 1500 ms, TE of 30 ms, VOI of 2 cm×2 cm×2 cm and NSA of 64 times. Areas and heights for metabolites resonances were caulculated. Results Group with small mass has lower height ([161.2±8.5] cm vs [167.7±6.2])cm, lower BMI ([20.8±2.3] kg/m~2 vs [25.6±2.6]kg/m~2), better water suppression effect (min-max: 90-96 vs 65-94;median: 94 vs 93), smaller height (min-max: 1.41×10~4-5.76 ×10~5 vs 3.45×10~4-1.75×10~6;median: 9.00×10~4 vs 2.58×10~5) and integrated area (min-max: 4.27×10~4-2.00×10~7 vs 1.24×10~5-5.00×10~7;median: 2.64×10~5 vs 1.19×10~6)of Lip2 than larger weight group. Standardized lipid content (min-max: 0-0.11 vs 0-0.96;median: 0.01 vs 0.04) was less. Group with lower BMI had lower weight ([55.2±8.2]kg vs [71.2±7.8]kg), smaller age ([33.2±11.9]years vs [45.6±9.4]years), better water suppression effect(min-max: 90-96 vs 65-95;median: 94 vs 93) smaller of height (min-max: 1.41×10~4-5.76×10~5 vs 3.45×10~4-1.75×10~6;median: 7.37×10~4 vs 2.11×10~5) and integrated area (min-max: [4.27×10~4-2.00×10~7] vs [1.24×10~5 -5.00×10~7];median: 2.64×10~5 vs 1.19×10~6) of Lip2 than larger weight group. Standardized lipid content (min-max: 0-0.08 vs 0.01-0.96;median: 0.01 vs 0.04) was less. There was significant correlation among water suppression, weight (r=-0.478, P=0.001) and BMI (r=-0.494, P=0.001). Conclusion Lipid accumulation in the liver may be the result of increased fat portion of the body depending on mass and BMI, and hinder to achieve effective water suppression.

A clinical research of transurethral plasmakinetic resection of prostate for benign prostatic hyperpla-sia / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate clinical efficacy and safety and complications of transurethral plasmakinetic resection of prostate ( PKRP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH) .Methods Totally 186 BPH patients were underwent PKRP .Comparison of clinical parameters before and after operation .Results Following-up at 3 and 6 months after the operation showed that international prostate symptom score ( IP-SS),quality of life(QQL),residual urine volume(RUV) scores increased and maximal urinary flow rate ( Qmax) scores decreased .The incidence of complications was 8.2%.Conclusion PKRP have efficacy in the treatment of BPH , and PKRP is safer and less complications .

The appearances of eosinophilic hepatic infiltration on multi-slice spiral CT / 中华放射学杂志

ranches of portal vein were found in 3 cases. Conclusion The multi-slice spiral CT findings of eosinophilie hepatic infiltration are relatively specific, and three-phase dynamic CT studies can be a valuable tool for the diagnosis of this disease.

Reproducibility of normal hepatic proton MRS at 3.0T / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To explore the reproducibility of normal hepatic MRS at 3.0T. Methods The hepatic proton MRS was performed with GE Signa Excite HD 3.0T system and eight-channel torso phased-array coils using PRESS sequence. Thirty-one healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. Liver spectra were collected with TR of 1500 ms, TE of 30 ms, ROI of 2 cm×2 cm×2 cm, NSA of 64 times. The outcomes were statistically analyzed with Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Spearman correlation test.Results There was no significant difference of signal to noise ratio (Z=-0.535,P=0.593), baseline stability (Z=-0.333, P=0.739), linewidth of automatic shimming (Z=-0.305, P=0.761), water suppression (Z=-1.232, P=0.218), height of lipid peak (Z=-0.558,P=0.557), area under the lipid peak (Z=-1.195,P=0.232), height of water peak (Z=-0.647,P=0.518) and area under the warter peak (Z=-0.118, P=0.906) between first examination and second examination. Correlation coefficient of the former and the later measurements of lipid area and water area were 0.784 (P<0.001) and 0.799 (P<0.001), respectively.Conclusion The reproducibility is good for in vivo liver proton MRS at 3.0T.

Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation of C6 glioma cells in vitro by tamoxifen / 药物分析学报

Objective To investigate the anti-tumor effect and mechanism of tamoxifen on rat C6 glioma cells. Methods C6 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with 3% fetal calf serum (FCS), and treated with tamoxifen of different concentrations, i.e. group A (1.25μmol/L), group B (2.50 μmol/L), group C (5.00 μmol/L), group D (10.00 μmol/L), group E (20.00 μmol/L) and control group (0.00 μmol/L). Morphological changes, MTT assay and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuriding labeling ratio were assessed. Apoptosis was observed by flow cytometry. Results C6 cells treated with different doses of tamoxifen for 24, 48, and 72 hours became irregular in shape, while cells treated with vehicle grew normally. MTT assay showed that tamoxifen did not suppress C6 cell growth until 72 hours after treatment. Seventy-two hours after treatment, there were significant differences in cell viable rate between group A versus groups C, D and E; so did group B versus group D as well as group E (P<0.05). BrdU incorporation assay indicated significant difference of BrdU labbled index (BrdU LI) among groups A, C, E and control group 48 hours after treatment (P<0.05). And the BrdU LI decreased with the increased concentration of tamoxifen. Flow cytometry (FCM) showed significant difference between treated group and control group at 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion Tamoxifen significantly suppresses the growth of C6 glioma cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The mechanism of tamoxifen suppressing C6 glioma cells may be inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Therefore, tamoxifen can be a candidate as a chemotherapy agent for glioma.